Can cutaneous leishmaniasis be transmitted to people or other pets?

Transmission depends on the species of Leishmania and local disease prevalence. If you are concerned, consult your vet or a public health authority for guidance.

How long does it take to get PCR results?

PCR turnaround time depends on the laboratory and typically takes 3–10 business days. Ask the clinic or lab in advance if you need expedited results.

Can my pet fully recover after treatment?

Some cases can be well controlled with treatment, but relapses or long-term monitoring may be needed. Follow your vet's recommended follow-up schedule.

What preventive measures can I take at home?

Minimise exposure to insect vectors, keep the environment clean, and regularly check for skin lesions. If your pet has been in an endemic area or you have concerns, discuss prevention strategies with your vet.

How much do the tests and treatment usually cost?

Costs vary by clinic and region — ask your vet for an estimate before proceeding.

Disease Guide

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Dogs & Cats: Skin Ulcers, PCR Testing & Care Guide [2025]

Cutaneous leishmaniasis primarily affects the skin, causing hair loss, ulcers, and crusting. Long-term medical treatment is required.

Take 1 minute to check the symptoms first

Last updated: 2026/01/05

PetHealthMap Editorial Team

Sources: WSAVA, OIE, National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital

When to See a Vet

Seek Emergency Care Immediately

•Persistent high fever with severe lethargy or weakness
•Large-area skin ulceration or heavy discharge appearing
•Unable to eat or continuous vomiting with suspected dehydration

Schedule a Clinic Visit Soon (within 24–72 hours)

•Recurring localized skin ulcers that are slow to heal
•Noticeably reduced energy and activity persisting for several days
•Recurring fever or persistent fluctuating body temperature

01What Symptoms Indicate a Problem?

Cutaneous leishmaniasis can cause localised or systemic skin symptoms, often accompanied by changes in energy levels and body temperature. Observe both skin lesions and overall condition carefully.

Lethargy or noticeably reduced activity
Recurring fever or unstable body temperature
Persistent vomiting or diarrhoea leading to loss of appetite
Increased water intake or changes in urination frequency
Skin ulcers, hair loss, crusting, or nodules
If symptoms persist or do not improve, veterinary consultation is recommended

02How Can You Assess the Situation at Home? Key Observations & When to Seek Emergency Care

Recording key observations at home helps the vet quickly assess the condition and arrange the necessary tests.

Note when changes in energy and activity began and how they have progressed
Measure and record body temperature twice daily (morning and evening)
Log the frequency, timing, and appearance of any vomiting
Record bowel movement frequency, consistency, and whether blood or mucus is present
Measure and record daily water intake and drinking frequency
Photograph or video any skin lesions for comparison at the clinic

03How Does the Vet Diagnose This? Common Diagnostic Tests

The vet will combine a physical examination, laboratory tests, and molecular diagnostics to assess for leishmaniasis and determine the extent of organ involvement.

Full physical examination

assessing skin lesions and overall condition

Blood and biochemistry tests

evaluating blood cell counts and organ function

Skin or lesion cytology

microscopic examination of affected cells

PCR molecular testing

confirming the presence and species of the pathogen

Imaging studies if needed to assess internal organ involvement

Referral to a specialist or facility with PCR and skin testing capability is recommended

04How Is It Treated and Managed After Diagnosis? Medications, Diet & Care Guide

Treatment involves a personalised plan from the vet, wound care, and regular monitoring. Be aware of possible complications and the risk of relapse.

The vet will design an individualised treatment plan based on test results
Clean and protect wounds at home to prevent secondary infection
Follow dietary recommendations and monitor nutrition and any complications
Return for scheduled follow-up visits and repeat blood or PCR testing as directed
If symptoms recur or do not improve, specialist referral is recommended

05What Should You Prepare Before the Vet Visit? Key Information to Help Your Vet

Note when symptoms started, how they progressed, and the order in which they appeared

Bring a log or photos of any vomiting, bowel movements, and water intake

Prepare recent photos or video files of skin lesions for reference

List all medications and supplements currently or recently given

Bring or back up any previous test reports or imaging if available

Call ahead to book an appointment and mention that PCR testing may be needed

This content is for reference only and cannot replace a professional veterinary diagnosis. If your pet shows signs of illness, please seek veterinary care promptly.