What are the common causes of jaundice in pets?

Common causes of jaundice include liver dysfunction, bile duct obstruction, or haemolytic conditions. The exact cause requires confirmation through blood tests, biochemistry, and imaging — we recommend visiting a vet for a full assessment.

What tests does a vet typically run to diagnose the cause of jaundice?

Common tests include a complete blood count, biochemistry panel, urinalysis, abdominal ultrasound, and X-rays. If needed, cytology or a biopsy may also be performed to guide further management.

Does a pet with jaundice need to be hospitalised?

Hospitalisation depends on the severity of the condition. If your pet is dehydrated, vomiting persistently, or deteriorating, short-term inpatient supportive care with close monitoring is usually recommended. Follow your vet's guidance.

How often should follow-up visits and tests be scheduled?

Follow-up frequency depends on the underlying cause and treatment response. During the acute phase, repeat blood tests may be needed within days; once stable, monitoring shifts to every few weeks or monthly — follow your vet's schedule.

How much do the tests and treatment usually cost?

Costs vary by clinic and region — ask your vet for an estimate before proceeding.

Disease Guide

Jaundice (Icterus) in Dogs & Cats: Symptoms, Blood Tests & Home Care [2025]

Jaundice is caused by elevated bilirubin in the blood, which can result from haemolysis, liver disease, or bile duct obstruction. Identifying whether the cause is pre-hepatic, hepatic, or post-hepatic is essential for targeted treatment.

Take 1 minute to check the symptoms first

Last updated: 2026/01/05

Pethealthmap Editorial Team

Sources: ACVIM, WSAVA, National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital

When to See a Vet

Seek Emergency Care Immediately

•Persistent lethargy, unresponsive or extremely slow to react
•Severe vomiting or repeated vomiting episodes
•Rapid breathing, panting, or worsening difficulty breathing

Schedule a Clinic Visit Soon (within 24–72 hours)

•Noticeably reduced activity but still able to eat or drink
•New or expanding yellowing of the whites of the eyes or skin (jaundice)
•Darker urine color or significant change in urination frequency

01What symptoms indicate something is wrong?

Common signs of jaundice (icterus) include behavioural and colour changes. Watch for abnormalities in appetite, energy levels, and elimination, as these may indicate liver, biliary, or haemolytic conditions.

Lethargy, noticeably reduced activity, or excessive sleepiness
Decreased appetite or sudden refusal to eat
Repeated vomiting or persistent diarrhoea and digestive upset
Noticeable weight loss or physical wasting over a short period
New yellowing of the whites of the eyes (sclera) or skin
Darker urine (tea-coloured or orange) or changes in urination frequency

Seek emergency care immediately if you notice the following symptoms:

⚠️ Sudden, obvious yellowing of the eyes or skin
⚠️ Severe vomiting or inability to eat within a short period
⚠️ Significantly darker urine accompanied by lethargy or dullness

02How to assess abnormalities at home: observation checklist and when to seek emergency care

Key information you can record at home helps your vet quickly understand the progression of symptoms, improving diagnostic efficiency.

Note the date and time symptoms were first observed
Record daily appetite and actual food intake (in grams or portions)
Count vomiting episodes and diarrhoea frequency, noting the times
Weigh your pet regularly and log any weight changes (every few days)
Take photos or videos to document yellowing of the eyes and skin
If symptoms worsen, schedule a vet visit promptly and bring your records

03How will the vet diagnose it? Common diagnostic tests

Common tests performed at the clinic help identify the cause of jaundice, assess overall health status, and guide the next steps in treatment.

Complete blood count (CBC)

assesses for anaemia or inflammation

Biochemistry panel

evaluates liver and kidney function and elevated bilirubin

Urinalysis

checks for urinary bilirubin or signs of infection

Abdominal X-rays

initial assessment of liver size and abdominal changes

Abdominal ultrasound

detailed evaluation of liver, gallbladder, and biliary tract

Biopsy or cytology

to confirm the nature of lesions or rule out tumours

04What treatment and care are needed after diagnosis? Medication, diet, and home care guide

Treatment is tailored to the underlying cause and disease severity, and often involves supportive care with regular monitoring of liver function and clinical progress.

IV fluids and supportive therapy to stabilise hydration and electrolytes
Targeted medication and supportive care based on the underlying cause
Frequent follow-up visits and repeat blood and biochemistry tests in the short term
Dietary adjustments or a prescription diet if needed
Home care essentials: ensure hydration, encourage rest, and monitor symptoms closely
For complex cases, consider referral to a specialist or veterinary teaching hospital

05What to prepare before the vet visit? Key information to help your vet diagnose quickly

Record when symptoms started, how they progressed, and any recent changes

Bring a record of diet, vomiting episodes, and bowel movements from the past week

List all current medications and supplements your pet is taking

Take photos or videos of jaundice, vomit, or urine colour for reference

Bring any existing test results or imaging reports if available

Call ahead to book an appointment at a clinic that can run same-day lab tests

This content is for reference only and cannot replace a professional veterinary diagnosis. If your pet shows signs of illness, please seek veterinary care promptly.