Why do dogs and cats develop dental malocclusion?

Dental malocclusion may be related to genetics, irregular tooth alignment, or abnormal jaw development. Growth during puppyhood or kittenhood and previous trauma can also play a role, so a veterinary dental specialist should assess the cause.

How do vets usually assess the severity of dental malocclusion?

Vets usually assess the relationship between the teeth and jaws using an oral examination together with dental X-rays or CT imaging, while also considering how much eating is affected before deciding on a management plan.

How can I adjust my pet's diet at home to reduce discomfort?

You can start by switching to soft food or cutting food into smaller pieces, feeding smaller meals more often, and making sure water is easy to access. If the problem continues, ask your vet or a veterinary dental specialist for tailored advice.

How long does follow-up take after treatment for dental malocclusion?

Follow-up frequency depends on the treatment approach. Conservative management may require reviews every few weeks; after surgery or orthodontic treatment, several months of imaging and clinical follow-up are often needed. Follow your vet's instructions for rechecks.

How much do the tests and treatment usually cost?

Costs vary by clinic and region — ask your vet for an estimate before proceeding.

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Disease Guide

Dental Malocclusion in Dogs and Cats: Oral Pain, Eating Problems, Imaging & Care [2026]

Dental malocclusion affects bite function and, in some cases, can cause oral pain. A veterinary assessment is needed to determine whether orthodontic care or tooth extraction is required.

Take 1 minute to check the symptoms first

Last updated: 2026/01/05

Pethealthmap editorial team

Sources: AVDC, WSAVA, National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital

When to See a Vet

Immediate veterinary care needed (emergency)

•Unable to eat or drink for 24 consecutive hours
•A large amount of fresh blood flowing from the mouth or nasal cavity
•Unresponsive overall, with extreme lethargy

Schedule a clinic visit as soon as possible (within 24-72 hours)

•Eating more slowly and continuing to chew on only one side
•Persistent drooling with noticeably worsening bad breath
•A marked short-term decrease in food intake or body weight

01What symptoms suggest something is wrong?

Dental malocclusion can affect eating, energy levels, and oral health in dogs and cats. It is often associated with pain or changes in chewing function and should be assessed early.

Lower energy levels and noticeably reduced activity
Reduced appetite or picky eating, with meals taking longer
Difficulty chewing, dropping food, or frequent drooling
Bad breath, red or swollen gums, or bleeding when touched
Short-term weight loss or changes in toileting habits
Arrange a dental veterinary consultation as soon as possible for further assessment

02How can you assess changes at home? Key observations and when to seek urgent care

Home observation can give your vet important information. Keep records and prepare photos or videos to help with assessment.

Record your pet's energy, activity level, and any unusual behaviour each day
Measure and record daily food intake and how long meals take
Take short videos or photos of eating, chewing, or drooling episodes
Weigh your pet regularly and watch for short-term weight changes
Record water intake and the frequency and appearance of urination and bowel movements
If there is oral bleeding or trauma, take photos and seek veterinary care promptly

03How will the vet diagnose it? Common tests

At the clinic, your vet will assess the teeth and jaw structures using an oral physical examination together with imaging, while also checking your pet's general health.

Oral physical examination

assesses the tooth alignment, periodontal tissues, and soft tissues

Dental X-rays

check the tooth roots, alveolar bone, and tooth position

CT imaging

assesses jaw relationships in complex or skeletal malocclusions

Blood tests and biochemistry

assess anaesthetic risk and overall health

Urinalysis or other tests

help rule out systemic conditions that may affect health

04How is it treated and managed after diagnosis? Medication, diet changes, and care guidance

Treatment may be conservative or surgical. Both surgical and non-surgical patients need regular follow-up and oral care at home.

Conservative management: mainly oral care, pain relief, and dietary adjustment
Orthodontic care or surgery: considered for severe bite problems or skeletal issues
After surgery or during treatment, bite force and strenuous activity may need to be restricted
Attend follow-up visits as advised to check tooth alignment and monitor imaging progress
Continue oral cleaning at home and record whether symptoms improve or worsen
If specialist orthodontic care is needed, arrange follow-up with a veterinary dental specialist

05What should you prepare before seeing the vet? Key details that help identify the cause

List when symptoms started, how they have changed, and any possible triggers

Record daily food intake, eating difficulties, and preferred food textures

Prepare a record of water intake and toileting frequency

Take videos of the mouth, chewing, or eating for the vet to review

List current medications, supplements, and any allergy history

Bring previous dental X-rays or related test reports, if available

This content is for reference only and cannot replace a professional veterinary diagnosis. If your pet shows signs of illness, please seek veterinary care promptly.