What are the common causes of paraproteinemia?

Paraproteinemia is often linked to kidney or intestinal protein loss, liver dysfunction, or severe inflammation. Blood, urine, and imaging tests are needed to identify the likely cause — consult your vet for a thorough evaluation.

How can I help the vet assess my pet at home?

Record and bring to the appointment: the time symptoms started, daily water intake and urine output, changes in appetite, and video footage of any seizures or vision problems — this helps your vet make a faster assessment.

Why are blood and urine tests so important?

Blood tests can detect albumin levels and assess organ function, while urine tests reveal protein loss or infection. These tests are essential for identifying the cause of paraproteinemia and monitoring treatment progress — follow your vet's recommendations.

How often does my pet need follow-up visits after treatment?

Follow-up frequency depends on the underlying cause and severity. In the early stages, blood and urine markers may be monitored every 2–4 weeks, with intervals extended once the condition stabilises. Follow your vet's guidance on scheduling.

How much do the tests and treatment usually cost?

Costs vary by clinic and region — ask your vet for an estimate before proceeding.

Disease Guide

Paraproteinemia in Dogs & Cats: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Care Guide [2025]

Paraproteinemia is an abnormal proliferation of proteins in the blood, commonly associated with multiple myeloma, and can lead to increased blood viscosity and bleeding.

Take 1 minute to check the symptoms first

Last updated: 2026/01/06

Pethealthmap Editorial Team

Sources: WSAVA, ACVIM

When to See a Vet

Seek immediate emergency care

•Continuous or recurrent generalized seizures
•Sudden complete loss of vision or severe behavioral disorientation
•Altered consciousness that is difficult to arouse or persistent excessive lethargy

Schedule a clinic visit soon (within 24–72 hours)

•Noticeably reduced alertness and decreased activity level
•Significant changes in appetite or gradual weight loss
•Frequent drinking or markedly increased urine output

01What symptoms indicate something is wrong?

Paraproteinemia in dogs and cats often presents as non-specific systemic or neurological symptoms. Monitor changes in condition and watch for signs affecting multiple organ systems.

Lethargy, noticeably reduced activity level, and less interaction with family
Changes in appetite or gradual weight loss with reduced food intake
Increased thirst or changes in urine output, possibly accompanied by kidney dysfunction
Intermittent seizures or sudden behavioural changes such as disorientation
Blurred vision or sudden loss of vision, affecting walking and the ability to find objects
If symptoms persist or worsen, schedule a veterinary assessment as soon as possible

Seek emergency care immediately if you notice the following symptoms:

⚠️ Persistent or recurring generalised seizures
⚠️ Sudden complete loss of vision or severe behavioural confusion
⚠️ Unresponsiveness, difficulty arousing, or prolonged excessive sleepiness

02How to assess the situation at home? Key observations and emergency indicators

Keeping records at home can help your vet quickly understand the condition — document timing and frequency as accurately as possible.

Record the onset date and progression of any decline in alertness or activity level
Measure and log your pet's daily water intake and the frequency and estimated volume of urination
Use your phone to film any seizures, abnormal behaviour, or signs of vision impairment
Note the timing and severity of changes in appetite, vomiting, diarrhoea, or weight
If vision loss is suspected, film your pet walking or searching for objects to bring to the appointment

03How does the vet diagnose this? Common diagnostic tests

Initial assessment typically includes blood, urine, and imaging tests, with specialist or advanced diagnostics arranged based on the results.

Urinalysis

evaluates urinary protein levels, concentrating ability, and infection markers

Blood and biochemistry panel

checks albumin, liver and kidney function, and electrolyte abnormalities

X-rays

rules out thoracic, abdominal, or skeletal and neurological structural issues

Ultrasound

assesses structural changes in the kidneys, liver, or gastrointestinal tract

Biopsy or tissue sampling

performed when pathological confirmation of the cause is needed

PCR or serology testing

ordered if an infectious or immune-mediated cause is suspected

04How to treat and care for your pet after diagnosis? Medications, diet adjustments, and home care

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and typically involves supportive care alongside targeted therapy, with regular monitoring of blood and urine markers and clinical response.

A medication and supportive care plan will be developed based on test results, with expected outcomes explained
If kidney or intestinal issues are identified, a specialised therapeutic diet may be recommended
Home care includes adequate rest, fluid management, and ongoing symptom monitoring
Schedule regular follow-up appointments to track blood and urine changes and evaluate treatment response
For complex or recurring cases, referral to a specialist or advanced diagnostics is recommended

05What to prepare before the vet visit? Key information to help your vet identify the cause quickly

Record the onset, frequency, and progression of symptoms

Log your pet's daily water intake, urination frequency, and estimated urine volume

Prepare video or photo evidence of seizures or abnormal behaviour for the vet to review

Bring a list of current medications, supplements, and past medical history

Call ahead to book an appointment and describe the symptoms so an appropriate examination slot can be arranged

This content is for reference only and cannot replace a professional veterinary diagnosis. If your pet shows signs of illness, please seek veterinary care promptly.