What does yellowing of the eyes or gums mean in dogs and cats?

Yellowing of the whites of the eyes or gums is a common visible sign of changes in liver or biliary function. It does not pinpoint a specific cause, so prompt veterinary evaluation — including liver function tests and imaging — is recommended.

What tests are needed to diagnose a bile duct problem?

Common tests include liver function blood panels, abdominal ultrasound, and X-rays. Cytology, tissue biopsy, and bacterial culture may be arranged if needed. Follow your vet's recommendations on which tests to pursue.

Should I monitor repeated vomiting at home first or go to the vet straight away?

If vomiting is frequent, accompanied by inability to eat, dehydration, or yellowing of the eyes or gums, seek veterinary care immediately. For milder cases, record the frequency and appearance of vomiting and see a vet within 24–72 hours.

How often does liver function need to be monitored after treatment?

The frequency of monitoring depends on the condition and treatment. Blood and imaging follow-ups are typically scheduled weeks to months after starting treatment. Follow your vet's instructions for return visits.

How much do the tests and treatment usually cost?

Costs vary by clinic and region — ask your vet for an estimate before proceeding.

Disease Guide

Cholangitis & Cholangiohepatitis Syndrome in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Ultrasound & Treatment [2025]

Cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis syndrome is common in cats and affects appetite and digestion. It requires antibiotics and supportive care, and may need surgery in severe cases.

Take 1 minute to check the symptoms first

Last updated: 2026/01/05

Pethealthmap Editorial Team

Sources: WSAVA, ACVIM, Taiwan Association of Veterinary Internal Medicine

When to See a Vet

Seek Emergency Care Immediately

•Unable to eat or drink for more than 24 hours
•Frequent vomiting with signs of significant dehydration
•Noticeable yellowing of the whites of the eyes or gums, along with weakness

Schedule a Clinic Visit Soon (within 24–72 hours)

•Noticeably decreased energy but still able to walk and perform simple activities
•Loss of appetite or rapid weight loss over a short period
•Intermittent fever or repeated vomiting two to three times

01What symptoms indicate something is wrong?

When dogs or cats have problems with the bile ducts or liver-biliary system, the most common outward signs involve changes in energy, appetite, and digestion.

Lethargy, noticeably reduced activity, or excessive sleepiness
Decreased appetite, sudden changes in food intake, or becoming picky about food
Repeated vomiting, often yellow-green or bitter-tasting fluid
Noticeable weight loss or wasting over a short period
Persistent or intermittent fever with elevated body temperature

Seek emergency care immediately if you notice the following symptoms:

⚠️ Obvious yellowing of the whites of the eyes or gums (visible jaundice)
⚠️ Vomiting accompanied by persistent abdominal pain or inability to eat
⚠️ Frequent vomiting or obvious signs of dehydration

02How to assess abnormalities at home: key observations and when to seek emergency care

At home, keeping records and videos can help your vet understand the progression and severity of the condition. We recommend tracking the following consistently.

Record the date, time, and progression of each symptom
Use your phone to film activity, walking, and eating as visual evidence
Weigh your pet at the same time each day and log the changes
Note the frequency, timing, colour, and consistency of vomiting episodes
Measure body temperature daily, noting the method and time of measurement
If symptoms persist or worsen, arrange a vet appointment as soon as possible

03How will the vet diagnose this? Common diagnostic tests

At the clinic, the vet will start with a physical examination, then use blood tests and imaging to assess liver and biliary function and identify possible causes.

Physical examination

assessing mental status, jaundice, and abdominal tenderness

Blood tests

evaluating liver enzyme levels and inflammation markers

Abdominal X-ray

initial assessment of liver and bile duct outlines and abdominal cavity

Abdominal ultrasound

examining structural changes in the gallbladder, bile ducts, and liver

CT scan

used in complex cases or when higher resolution imaging is needed

Cytology or tissue biopsy

pathological analysis when necessary

Bacterial culture

performed if infection is suspected, to identify the pathogen and guide antibiotic selection

Consider referral to a vet with hepatobiliary experience or a specialist hospital for further evaluation

04How is this treated and managed after diagnosis? Medications, diet, and care guide

Treatment is tailored to the underlying cause and severity, encompassing supportive care and any necessary advanced interventions. Ongoing monitoring of liver function and imaging is required.

Fluid therapy to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance
Your vet will assess whether antibiotics or other medications are needed
Severe cases may require evaluation for surgery or interventional procedures
Blood transfusion or specialist referral may be arranged if necessary
Regular follow-up visits to monitor liver function blood tests and imaging
Follow your specialist's instructions for long-term monitoring and health management

05What should you prepare before the vet visit? Key information to help your vet diagnose quickly

Record when symptoms started, how frequently they occur, and how they have changed

List recent diet patterns and any changes in appetite

Bring photos of vomit or stool (if available) for reference

Bring a list of all current medications and supplements, including dosages

Bring any previous imaging results or diagnostic reports for comparison, if available

Call ahead to book an appointment with a vet experienced in hepatobiliary conditions

This content is for reference only and cannot replace a professional veterinary diagnosis. If your pet shows signs of illness, please seek veterinary care promptly.